Good Housekeeping Beauty Lab experts tell you what you can — and can't — trust.
The beauty buzzword and movement of the moment: “clean.” Along with other terms like “green”and “natural,” it’s used to describe every type of skincare, hair, makeup, and fragrance product, from moisturizer to mascara, shampoo to soap. People are now more concerned than ever about health and the environment, and it’s leading them to question what’s actually in the products applied directly to skin. And retailers know that consumers are increasingly looking for beauty products and cosmetics that aren't laden with potentially harmful ingredients. For example, Sephora launched "Clean at Sephora," an initiative in which the beauty retailer badged over 2,000 products as "clean," in this case meaning free of ingredients like sulfates, parabens, formaldehyde, phthalates, and mineral oil. The brands span skincare, makeup, hair, and fragrance, including Good Housekeeping Seal star Korres, plus Good Housekeeping Institute Beauty Lab top-tested favorites Caudalie, Biossance, and Ren Clean Skincare. Beauty retailer Ulta also launched "Clean at Ulta Beauty," an in-house certification that products are free from a list of ingredients such as phthalates, parabens, talc, and formaldehyde, including skincare, makeup, and hair brands like Juice Beauty, Pacifica, and Tula.
So, what does "clean beauty" mean?
Beauty brands use the term "clean" to signal that products don’t contain certain ingredients (natural or synthetic) that they consider controversial or unsafe, like parabens and talc. The problem is, without regulation, anything can be called “clean”— whether proven unsafe or not. As for other "clean beauty" terms, there's an overload of related claims and buzzwords on product packaging andin marketing — and misinformation about what they mean (or don't). GH Beauty Lab scientists help you decipher the most common clean beauty lingo:
"Natural"
What it means:
A product is made with ingredients sourced from nature — be they plant, mineral or animal — that are minimally modified.
GH Lab lowdown:
Few ingredients are used as-is from nature. “Natural” doesn’t always mean healthier: Some natural substances can be harmful.
Trust it when:
You see the Ecocert Natural Cosmetic stamp, which confirms that at leasthalf the product's ingredients are plant-based.
"Organic"
What it means:
The product’s ingredients and formula are produced without harmful pesticides.
GH Lab lowdown:
This is the only government-regulated term in the “clean” beauty space.
Trust it when:
It is USDA-Certiifed Organic (meaning it contains at least 95% organicallycultivated ingredients) or NSF Organic-Certified (meaning it contains at least 70% organic ingredients).
"Naturally Derived"
What it implies:
Natural ingredients in a product have undergone some chemical processing.
GH Lab lowdown:
When you see this term or a similar one like “natural origin” or “made with natural ingredients,” look for a qualifier that indicates what percentage ofingredients it applies to.
Trust it when:
The product carries the Good Housekeeping Seal, since the GoodHousekeeping Institute Labs verify all product claims.
"Chemical-Free"
What it implies:
A product doesn’t contain harmful chemicals like formaldehyde, toluene, and lead.
GH Lab lowdown:
Not all chemicals are created equal; plus, every ingredient (natural orsynthetic) is made up of chemicals. They are even part of human biology!
Trust it when:
The claim is ingredient-specific, as in “paraben-free,” and the product hasearned the Good Housekeeping Seal (we obtain data to validate allingredient claims).
"Nontoxic"
What it implies:
A product is not harmful to humans.
GH Lab lowdown:
Such a wide-ranging term is meaningless unless it refers to a specific ingredient. Almost anything, even drinking water, can be harmful in large quantities.
Trust it when:
Never, since it cannot be proven or disproven.
"Green" or "Sustainable"
What it implies:
Products are developed with minimal present and future environmental impact.
GH Lab lowdown:
This broad term covers everything from what’s in a product to how it’s made,packaged, distributed, and disposed of.
Trust it when:
You see certifications like Cradle to Cradle for sustainability and the Green Good Housekeeping Seal, which validates both sustainability and product performance (see the GH Institute's best eco-friendly products and Sustainable Innovation Awards winners)
"Vegan"
What it implies:
That a product does not contain animal-derived ingredients or byproducts (e.g., animal fats, beeswax, etc.).
GH Lab lowdown:
A vegan claim can be denoted by brands with self-made emblems or via language on packaging and in marketing such as "100% vegan".
Trust it when:
Most vegan brands also don't have third party certification to substantiate their claims; consult the GH Beauty Lab's list of certified vegan beautybrands.
"Cruelty-Free"
What it implies:
This label indicates no animal testing has been done on a product or its ingredients.
GH Lab lowdown:
For cruelty-free products, trusted third party certifications can confirm that abrand's practices do not involve animal testing.
Trust it when:
The product is labeled with a Leaping Bunny certification, the GH Beauty Lab's gold standard, which verifies that both the formula and its ingredients are not currently being tested on animals. (See the GH Beauty Lab's list of best cruelty-free beauty brands.)
"Fair trade"
What it implies:
A product or ingredient is made or grown by workers who are fairly-treated and -paid.
GH Lab lowdown:
If a product is making a fair trade claim without a third party certification, the claim does not carry much weight. The certification process for these standards ensures oversight on the entire supply chain of the product and/or ingredient.
Trust it when:
You find the Fairtrade International, Fair Trade USA, or Fair for Life emblems on a product's packaging or brand's website.
Is clean beauty really better?
Not necessarily. Naturally-derived and synthetic ingredients both be beneficial or harmful, depending on what they are and how they're formulated. And there can even be drawbacks to cleaner formulas in terms of performance: Since truly natural beauty products don't include synthetic ingredients, the variety they can be formulated with is more limited, GH Beauty Lab scientists explain. Because of this, it's possible for clean beauty products' efficacious and cosmetic properties like texture and scent to be inferior to conventional formulas. Clean beauty products may lack some preservatives or be swapped for alternatives, which can limit shelf life too.
Is clean beauty regulated?
No — there is no formal government regulation of clean beauty or established industry-wide definition for “clean” or “natural” beauty claims. Because of this, identifying the "cleanest" or "safest" beauty brands and products on the market isn't all that simple. Despite a booming beauty industry, U.S. laws for cosmetics safety are virtually unchanged since they were created back in 1938. Here — unlike in Canada and Europe, where well over 1,300 unsafe ingredients are banned for use in beauty products — the FDA has prohibited only 11 ingredients or related compounds. While legislation is pending to change this, progress is slow. The Personal Care Products Safety Act, supported by the Good Housekeeping Institute and beauty industry leaders, would require the FDA to review the safety of at least five ingredients per year (at which rate it could take hundreds of years to even test for risks and dangers!).Yet this small step has remained stalled in the Senate since it was proposed in 2015.
Can you really go "clean" with your beauty routine?
While the term clean beauty is a bit of a fallacy, there are decisions you can make when shopping that are smarter for the environment and your body. These the GH Beauty Lab’s top tips on making the best natural and sustainable clean beauty product and brand choices:
Do an ingredient check.
For a deeper dive into beauty product ingredients, the GH Beauty Lab recommends consulting resources like the Made Safe Hazard List and the Environmental Working Group Skin Deep database. Both nonprofits aim to collect the latest science on ingredients and offer recommendations for safety-certified products across categories.
Choose fragrance- and dye-free.
Products that contain no fragrances or dyes are by nature better for the environment, as they use fewer ingredients, and people can have sensitivities to both. Even fragrance from natural sources can cause reactions. Plus, brands aren’t required to list the ingredients in “fragrance” on labels, so in many cases there’s no way to know what’s in those products.
Pick less packaging.
The more minimal the packaging, the better for the earth. Whenever possible, seek out products with fewer components and without parts or materials that can’t be recycled (aim for codes 1 and 2) and unnecessary elements like outer boxes. Find GH Institute-approved eco-friendly buys in the GH Sustainable InnovationAwards.
Buy beauty that gives back.
Seek out beauty brands that donate a portion of proceeds or make a contribution to environmental causes.
SOURCE: : APRIL FRANZINO AND BIRNUR ARAL, PH.D., GOOD HOUSEKEEPING INSTITUTE D